# 第四部分 命令

掌握 Linux 命令是编写有效的 shell 脚本必不可少的序曲。

本章节涉及了下列的命令：

* [`.`](https://linuxstory.gitbook.io/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/pages/-LgcWXBEHRirnfDNyH1L#.)（也可以参阅 [`source`](https://linuxstory.gitbook.io/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/pages/-M6odeQhjK5TcT4n2sfI#source--点命令))
* [`ac`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#ac)
* [`adduser`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#useradd-userdel)
* [`agetty`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#getty-agetty)
* [`agrep`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#grep)
* [`ar`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#ar)
* [`arch`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#arch)
* [`at`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_3_time_date_commands.md#at)
* [`autoload`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins/15_1_job_control_commands.md#autoload)
* [`awk`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#sed-awk)（参考 [使用 `awk` 进行数学运算](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_8_math_commands.md#awk)）
* [`badblocks`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#badblocks)
* [`banner`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_9_miscellaneous_commands.md#banner)
* [`basename`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#basename)
* [`batch`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_3_time_date_commands.md#batch)
* [`bc`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_8_math_commands.md#bc)
* [`bg`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins/15_1_job_control_commands.md#fg-bg)
* [`bind`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins.md#bind)
* [`bison`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#lex-yacc)
* [`builtin`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins/15_1_job_control_commands.md#builtin)
* [`bzgrep`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#look)
* [`bzip2`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#bzip2)
* [`cal`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_3_time_date_commands.md#cal)
* [`caller`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins.md#caller)
* [`cat`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_1_basic_commands.md#cat-tac)
* [`cd`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins.md#cd)
* [`chattr`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_1_basic_commands.md#chattr)
* [`chfn`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#chfn)
* [`chgrp`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#chown-chgrp)
* [`chkconfig`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#chkconfig)
* [`chmod`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_1_basic_commands.md#chmod)
* [`chown`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#chown-chgrp)
* [`chroot`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#chroot)
* [`cksum`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#sum-cksum-md5sum-sha1sum)
* [`clear`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_7_terminal_control_commands.md#clear)
* [`clock`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_3_time_date_commands.md#hwclock-clock)
* [`cmp`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#cmp)
* [`col`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#col)
* [`colrm`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#colrm)
* [`column`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#column)
* [`comm`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#comm)
* [`command`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins/15_1_job_control_commands.md#command)
* [`compgen`](https://github.com/LinuxStory/Advanced-Bash-Scripting-Guide-in-Chinese/blob/master/source/appendix/J_an_introduction_to_programmable_completion/README.md)
* [`complete`](https://github.com/LinuxStory/Advanced-Bash-Scripting-Guide-in-Chinese/blob/master/source/appendix/J_an_introduction_to_programmable_completion/README.md)
* [`compress`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#compress-uncompress)
* [`coproc`](https://github.com/LinuxStory/Advanced-Bash-Scripting-Guide-in-Chinese/blob/master/source/part5/37_bash,%20versions%202,%203,%20and%204/37_3_bash_version4.md)
* [`cp`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_1_basic_commands.md#cp)
* [`cpio`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#cpio)
* [`cron`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#cron)
* [`crypt`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#crypt)
* [`csplit`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#split-csplit)
* [`cu`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#uucp-uux-cu)
* [`cut`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#cut)
* [`date`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_3_time_date_commands.md#date)
* [`dc`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_8_math_commands.md#dc)
* [`dd`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_9_miscellaneous_commands.md#dd)
* [`debugfs`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#fsck-e2fsck-debugfs)
* [`declare`](https://linuxstory.gitbook.io/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/pages/-LqN3ouah9dOky7cgl5b#declaretypeset-命令选项)
* [`depmod`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#depmod)
* [`df`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#df)
* [`dialog`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_9_miscellaneous_commands.md#dialog)
* [`diff`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#diff-patch)
* [`diff3`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#diff3-merge)
* [`diffstat`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#diff3-merge)
* [`dig`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#dig)
* [`dirname`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#dirname)
* [`dirs`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins.md#pushd-popd-dirs)
* [`disown`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins/15_1_job_control_commands.md#disown)
* [`dmesg`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#dmesg)
* [`doexec`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_9_miscellaneous_commands.md#doexec)
* [`dos2unix`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#dos2unix)
* [`du`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#du)
* [`dump`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#dump-restore)
* [`dumpe2fs`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#dumpe2fs)
* [`e2fsck`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#fsck-e2fsck-debugfs)
* [`echo`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins.md#echo)
* [`egrep`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#grep)
* [`enable`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins/15_1_job_control_commands.md#enable)
* [`enscript`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#enscript)
* [`env`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#env)
* [`eqn`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#groff-tbl-eqn)
* [`eval`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins.md#eval)
* [`exec`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins.md#exec)
* [`exit`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins.md#exit)（相关话题：[退出状态](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part2/06_exit_and_exit_status.md)）
* [`expand`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#expand-unexpand)
* [`export`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins.md#export)
* [`expr`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_2_complex_commands.md#expr)
* [`factor`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_8_math_commands.md#factor)
* [`false`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins.md#false)
* [`fdformat`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#fdformat)
* [`fdisk`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#fdisk)
* [`fg`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins/15_1_job_control_commands.md#fg-bg)
* [`fgrep`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#grep)
* [`file`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#file)
* [`find`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_2_complex_commands.md#find)
* [`finger`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#finger)
* [`flex`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#lex-yacc)
* [`flock`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#flock)
* [`fmt`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#fmt)
* [`fold`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#fold)
* [`free`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#free)
* [`fsck`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#fsck-e2fsck-debugfs)
* [`ftp`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#ftp)
* [`fuser`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#fuser)
* [`getfacl`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#getfacl-setfacl)
* [`getopt`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_9_miscellaneous_commands.md#getopt)
* [`getopts`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins.md#getopts)
* [`gettext`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#gettext)
* [`getty`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#getty-agetty)
* [`gnome-mount`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#gnome-mount)
* [`grep`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#grep)
* [`groff`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#groff-tbl-eqn)
* [`groupmod`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#groupmod)
* [`groups`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#groups)（相关话题：变量 [`$GROUPS`](https://linuxstory.gitbook.io/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/pages/-LqIK9igM58GLs4nY77_#$GROUPS)）
* [`gs`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#TeX-gs)
* [`gzip`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#gzip)
* [`halt`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#halt-shutdown-reboot)
* [`hash`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins.md#hash-cmds)
* [`hdparm`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#hdparm)
* [`head`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#head)
* [`help`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins.md#help)
* [`hexdump`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_9_miscellaneous_commands.md#hexdump)
* [`host`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#host)
* [`hostid`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#hostid)
* [`hostname`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#hostname)（相关话题：变量 [`$HOSTNAME`](https://linuxstory.gitbook.io/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/pages/-LqIK9igM58GLs4nY77_#$HOSTNAME)）
* [`hwclock`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_3_time_date_commands.md#hwclock-clock)
* [`iconv`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#iconv)
* [`id`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#id)（相关话题：变量 [`$UID`](https://linuxstory.gitbook.io/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/pages/-LqIK9igM58GLs4nY77_#$UID)）
* [`ifconfig`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#ifconfig)
* [`info`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_1_basic_commands.md#man-info)
* [`infocmp`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_7_terminal_control_commands.md#infocmp)
* [`init`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#init)
* [`insmod`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#insmod)
* [`install`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#install)
* [`ip`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#ip)
* [`ipcalc`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#ipcalc)
* [`iptables`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#iptables)
* [`iwconfig`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#iwconfig)
* [`jobs`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins/15_1_job_control_commands.md#jobs)
* [`join`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#join)
* [`jot`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_9_miscellaneous_commands.md#jot-seq)
* [`kill`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins/15_1_job_control_commands.md#kill)
* [`killall`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins/15_1_job_control_commands.md#killall)
* [`last`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#last)
* [`lastcomm`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#lastcomm)
* [`lastlog`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#lastlog)
* [`ldd`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#ldd)
* [`less`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#more-less)
* [`let`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins.md#let)
* [`lex`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#lex-yacc)
* [`lid`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#lid)
* [`ln`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_1_basic_commands.md#ln)
* [`locate`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#locate-slocate)
* [`lockfile`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#lockfile)
* [`logger`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#logger)
* [`logname`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#logname)
* [`logout`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins/15_1_job_control_commands.md#logout)
* [`logrotate`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#logrotate)
* [`look`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#look)
* [`losetup`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#losetup)
* [`lp`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_9_miscellaneous_commands.md#lp)
* [`ls`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_1_basic_commands.md#ls)
* [`lsdev`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#lsdev)
* [`lsmod`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#lsmod)
* [`lsof`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#lsof)
* [`lspci`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#lspci)
* [`lsusb`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#lsusb-usbmodules)
* [`ltrace`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#ltrace)
* [`lynx`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#lynx)
* [`lzcat`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#lzma-unlzma-lzcat)
* [`lzma`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#lzma-unlzma-lzcat)
* [`m4`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_9_miscellaneous_commands.md#m4)
* [`mail`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#mail)
* [`mailstats`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#mailstats)
* [`mailto`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#mailto)
* [`make`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#make)
* [`MAKEDEV`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#MAKEDEV)
* [`man`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_1_basic_commands.md#man-info)
* [`mapfile`](https://github.com/LinuxStory/Advanced-Bash-Scripting-Guide-in-Chinese/blob/master/source/part5/37_bash,%20versions%202,%203,%20and%204/37_3_bash_version4.md)
* [`mcookie`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_9_miscellaneous_commands.md#mcookie)
* [`md5sum`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#sum-cksum-md5sum-sha1sum)
* [`merge`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#diff3-merge)
* [`mesg`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#mesg)
* [`mimencode`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#mimencode-mmencode)
* [`mkbootdisk`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#mkbootdisk)
* [`mkdir`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_1_basic_commands.md#mkdir)
* [`mkdosfs`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#mkdosfs)
* [`mke2fs`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#mke2fs)
* [`mkfifo`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_9_miscellaneous_commands.md#mkfifo)
* [`mkisofs`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#mkisofs)
* [`mknod`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#mknod)
* [`mkswap`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#mkswap)
* [`mktemp`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#mktemp)
* [`mmencode`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#mimencode-mmencode)
* [`modinfo`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#modinfo)
* [`modprobe`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#modprobe)
* [`more`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#more-less)
* [`mount`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#mount)
* [`msgfmt`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#msgfmt)
* [`mv`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_1_basic_commands.md#mv)
* [`nc`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#nc)
* [`netconfig`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#netconfig)
* [`netstat`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#netstat)
* [`newgrp`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#newgrp)
* [`nice`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#nice)
* [`nl`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#nl)
* [`nm`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#nm)
* [`nmap`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#nmap)
* [`nohup`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#nohup)
* [`nslookup`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#nslookup)
* [`objdump`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_9_miscellaneous_commands.md#objdump)
* [`od`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_9_miscellaneous_commands.md#od)
* [`openssl`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#openssl)
* [`passwd`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#passwd)
* [`paste`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#paste)
* [`patch`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#diff-patch)（相关话题：[`diff`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#diff-patch)）
* [`pathchk`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_9_miscellaneous_commands.md#pathchk)
* [`pax`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#pax)
* [`pgrep`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#pgrep-pkill)
* [`pidof`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#pidof)
* [`ping`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#ping)
* [`pkill`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#pgrep-pkill)
* [`popd`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins.md#pushd-popd-dirs)
* [`pr`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#pr)
* [`printenv`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_9_miscellaneous_commands.md#printenv)
* [`printf`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins.md#printf)
* [`procinfo`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#procinfo)
* [`ps`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#ps)
* [`pstree`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#pstree)
* [`ptx`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#ptx)
* [`pushd`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins.md#pushd-popd-dirs)
* [`pwd`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins.md#pwd)（相关话题：变量 [`$PWD`](https://linuxstory.gitbook.io/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/pages/-LqIK9igM58GLs4nY77_#$PWD)）
* [`quota`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#quota)
* [`rcp`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#rcp)
* [`rdev`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#rdev)
* [`rdist`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#rdist)
* [`read`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins.md#read)
* [`readelf`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#readelf)
* [`readlink`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#readlink)
* [`readonly`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins.md#readonly)
* [`reboot`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#halt-shutdown-reboot)
* [`recode`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#recode)
* [`renice`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#nice)
* [`reset`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_7_terminal_control_commands.md#reset)
* [`resize`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_7_terminal_control_commands.md#resize)
* [`restore`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#dump-restore)
* [`rev`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_1_basic_commands.md#rev)
* [`rlogin`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#rlogin)
* [`rm`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_1_basic_commands.md#rm)
* [`rmdir`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_1_basic_commands.md#rmdir)
* [`rmmod`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#rmmod)
* [`route`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#route)
* [`rpm`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#rpm)
* [`rpm2cpio`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#rpm2cpio)
* [`rsh`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#rsh)
* [`rsync`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#rsync)
* [`runlevel`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#runlevel)
* [`run-parts`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_9_miscellaneous_commands.md#run-parts)
* [`rx`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#sx-rx)
* [`rz`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#sx-rz)
* [`sar`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#sar)
* [`scp`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#scp)
* [`script`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_7_terminal_control_commands.md#script)
* [`sdiff`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#sdiff)
* [`sed`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#sed-awk)
* [`seq`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_9_miscellaneous_commands.md#jot-seq)
* [`service`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#service)
* [`set`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins.md#set)
* [`setfacl`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#getfacl-setfacl)
* [`setquota`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#setquota)
* [`setserial`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#setserial)
* [`setterm`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#setterm)
* [`sha1sum`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#sum-cksum-md5sum-sha1sum)
* [`shar`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#shar)
* [`shopt`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins.md#shopt)
* [`shred`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#shred)
* [`shutdown`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#halt-shutdown-reboot)
* [`size`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#size)
* [`skill`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#nice)
* [`sleep`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_3_time_date_commands.md#sleep)
* [`slocate`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#locate-slocate)
* [`snice`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#nice)
* [`sort`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#sort)
* [`source`](https://linuxstory.gitbook.io/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/pages/-M6odeQhjK5TcT4n2sfI#source--点命令)
* [`sox`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_9_miscellaneous_commands.md#sox)
* [`split`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#split-csplit)
* [`sq`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#sq)
* [`ssh`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#ssh)
* [`stat`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#stat)
* [`strace`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#strace)
* [`strings`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#strings)
* [`strip`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#strip)
* [`stty`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#stty)
* [`su`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#su)
* [`sudo`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#sudo)
* [`sum`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#sum-cksum-md5sum-sha1sum)
* [`suspend`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins/15_1_job_control_commands.md#suspend)
* [`swapoff`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#swapon-swapoff)
* [`swapon`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#swapon-swapoff)
* [`sx`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#sx-rz)
* [`sync`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#sync)
* [`sz`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#sz-rz)
* [`tac`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_1_basic_commands.md#cat-tac)
* [`tail`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#tail)
* [`tar`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#tar)
* [`tbl`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#groff-tbl-eqn)
* [`tcpdump`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#tcpdump)
* [`tee`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_9_miscellaneous_commands.md#tee)
* [`telinit`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#telinit)
* [`telnet`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#telnet)
* [`Tex`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#TeX-gs)
* [`texexec`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#texexec)
* [`time`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_3_time_date_commands.md#time)
* [`times`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins/15_1_job_control_commands.md#times)
* [`tmpwatch`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#tmpwatch)
* [`top`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#top)
* [`touch`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_3_time_date_commands.md#touch)
* [`tput`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_7_terminal_control_commands.md#tput)
* [`tr`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#tr)
* [`traceroute`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#traceroute)
* [`true`](https://linuxstory.gitbook.io/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/pages/-M6odeQhjK5TcT4n2sfI##true)
* [`tset`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#tset)
* [`tsort`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#tsort)
* [`tty`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#tty)
* [`tune2fs`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#tune2fs)
* [`type`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins.md#type-cmd)
* [`typeset`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part3/09_another_look_at_variables/09_2_typing_variables_declare_or_typeset.md)
* [`ulimit`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#ulimit)
* [`umask`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#umask)
* [`umount`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#umount)
* [`uname`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#uname)
* [`unarc`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#unarc-unarj-unrar)
* [`unarj`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#unarc-unarj-unrar)
* [`uncompress`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#compress-uncompress)
* [`unexpand`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#expand-unexpand)
* [`uniq`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#uniq)
* [`units`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_9_miscellaneous_commands.md#units)
* [`unlzma`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#lzma-unlzma-lzcat)
* [`unrar`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#unarc-unarj-unrar)
* [`unset`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins.md#unset)
* [`unsq`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#sq)
* [`unzip`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#zip-unzip)
* [`uptime`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#uptime)
* [`usbmodules`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#lsusb-usbmodules)
* [`useradd`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#useradd-userdel)
* [`userdel`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#useradd-userdel)
* [`usermod`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#usermod)
* [`users`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#users)
* [`usleep`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_3_time_date_commands.md#usleep)
* [`uucp`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#uucp-uux-cu)
* [`uudecode`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#uudecode)
* [`uuencode`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#uuencode)
* [`uux`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#uucp-uux-cu)
* [`vacation`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#vacation)
* [`vdir`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#vdir)
* [`vmstat`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#vmstat)
* [`vrfy`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#vrfy)
* [`w`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#w)
* [`wait`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins/15_1_job_control_commands.md#wait)
* [`wall`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#wall)
* [`watch`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#watch)
* [`wc`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#wc)
* [`wget`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#wget)
* [`whatis`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#whatis)
* [`whereis`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#whereis)
* [`which`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#which)
* [`who`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#who)
* [`whoami`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#who)
* [`whois`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#whois)
* [`write`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md#write)
* [`xargs`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_2_complex_commands.md#xargs)
* [`xrandr`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md#xrandr)
* [`xz`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#xz-unxz-xzcat)
* [`yacc`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#lex-yacc)
* [`yes`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_9_miscellaneous_commands.md#yes)
* [`zcat`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#bzip2)
* [`zdiff`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#diff-patch)
* [`zdump`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_3_time_date_commands.md#zdump)
* [`zegrep`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#grep)
* [`zfgrep`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#grep)
* [`zgrep`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md#grep)
* [`zip`](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md#zip-unzip)

### 目录

* [15. 内建命令](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins.md)
  * [15.1 任务控制命令](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/15_internal_commands_and_builtins/15_1_job_control_commands.md)
* [16. 外部筛选器，任务及命令](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands.md)
  * [16.1 基础命令](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_1_basic_commands.md)
  * [16.2 复杂命令](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_2_complex_commands.md)
  * [16.3 时间/日期命令](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_3_time_date_commands.md)
  * [16.4 文本处理命令](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_4_text_processing_commands.md)
  * [16.5 文件与归档命令](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_5_file_archiving_commands.md)
  * [16.6 通信命令](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_6_communications_commands.md)
  * [16.7 终端控制命令](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_7_terminal_control_commands.md)
  * [16.8 数学命令](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_8_math_commands.md)
  * [16.9 杂项命令](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/16_external_filters_programs_and_commands/16_9_miscellaneous_commands.md)
* [17. 系统与管理命令](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands.md)
  * [17.1 分析一个系统脚本](/advanced-bash-scripting-guide-in-chinese/zheng-wen/part4/17_system_and_administrative_commands/17_1_analyzing_a_system_script.md)


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